*Source: https://www.years.co/en/knowledge-hub* Knowledge Hub # Everything on longevity, prevention and diagnostics — in one place. A structured index of all guides, landing pages and blog articles from YEARS: from check-up programs through cancer screening to biomarkers, nutrition, and current research. Check-ups & Diagnostics Longevity Fundamentals Hallmarks of Aging Cancer Screening & Early Detection Nutrition & Lifestyle Biomarkers & Lab Values Genetics & Genomics Comparisons & Alternatives Research & Evidence ## Check-ups & Diagnostics Comprehensive preventive programs and diagnostics across all ages and life stages. Pages & Guides ### Health Check-up Berlin 25+ tests, 87 biomarkers in one day. ### Whole-Body Check-Up Scope, cost and limits of the term. ### Longevity Check-up Berlin Measure what matters. 87 to 230+ biomarkers. ### Manager Check-up Compact check-up for executives. ### Executive Health Check Germany Provider comparison, the line against statutory screening, prices. ### Check-up from 40 Key markers in your forties. ### Check-up from 50 Prevention from 50 with focus on cancer and cognition. ### Check-up from 60 Rhythm, kidney function, strength and medication. ### Family History What statutory insurance already covers with a family history, and what we measure on top. ### How Does the Results Discussion Work? Process, content, documents, and what happens after an abnormal finding. ### Check-up for Women Hormones, breast, bone, heart. ### Check-up for Men Heart, prostate, testosterone, performance. ### Private Insurance Check-up GOÄ-compliant invoice, mostly covered by German private insurance. ### Check-up for Privately Insured Premium prevention with GOÄ reimbursement. ### Corporate Check-up Prevention for employees, tax-deductible under §3 No. 34 EStG. ### Performance Diagnostics With Blood Analysis VO2max, heart, lungs and 89 lab markers in one day. ### Heart Check Berlin Cardiovascular diagnostics as a pillar of the full preventive day. From the Blog Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Early Detection of Atherosclerosis: Which Tests Work | YEARS A heart attack or stroke rarely comes out of nowhere. Most often, it is the loud finale of a process that began silently decades earlier: atherosclerosis. This chronic disease of the blood vessels… Comparisons & Alternatives ### Avia Clinic Alternative Berlin: What to Do After Closure The closure of the Avia Clinic in Berlin (officially AIVA Institut) caught many people off guard who had been doing their annual check-ups there for years. If you are among the former patients, you… Comparisons & Alternatives ### YEARS vs Circle Health: Which Clinic is Right for You? You are looking for a comprehensive health checkup in Berlin and come across two names: YEARS and Circle Health. Both promise proactive health prevention, but they follow fundamentally different… Longevity Fundamentals ### 'Young Forever' & Hallmarks of Aging: Your Longevity Check-Up Dr. Mark Hyman's bestseller *Young Foreverhas brought the topic of longevity out of the niche and into the mainstream. The central thesis is compellingly simple: aging is not an inevitable fate, but… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Health Check-Up with Full-Body MRI & Blood Test: 2026 Guide A preventative comprehensive health check-up with full-body MRI and deep blood analysis combines structural imaging with biochemical functional analysis. It goes far beyond what your general… ## Longevity Fundamentals What longevity medicine is, which programs exist, what they cost, and their scientific foundations. Pages & Guides ### Preventive Medicine The three levels, what statutory insurance covers, where screening does harm. ### Precision Prevention Three components, five claim levels, providers with sources. ### Prevention vs. Longevity Four terms separated, plus what we do not offer. ### Longevity for Beginners Where to start and what to skip. ### Longevity Clinic Berlin Evidence-based longevity medicine at YEARS. ### What is a longevity check-up? Definition, scope, difference from GP check-up. ### What does a longevity check-up cost? Price ranges in Germany and private insurance coverage. ### Whole-Body MRI Providers Compared Four provider types and eight questions to ask. ### Longevity Clinics in Germany Overview of German providers compared. ### YEARS Core Entry program. 87 biomarkers. 6 hours. ### YEARS Evolve With full-body MRI and liquid biopsy. ### YEARS Ultimate 230+ biomarkers, genetics, epigenetics, 3 check-ins. From the Blog Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Mitochondrial Dysfunction Testing: What You Can Measure in 2026 The term "mitochondrial dysfunction" is everywhere. In scientific literature, it is considered a central mechanism of aging. In the longevity scene, it is frequently cited as the explanation for… Comparisons & Alternatives ### YEARS vs. Ayun Clinic: Longevity Clinic Comparison The market for longevity medicine is growing. More people are looking for ways to proactively manage their health and secure their quality of life into old age. When searching for a comprehensive… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### YEARS vs Next Health: Which Longevity Clinic Fits You? Longevity medicine is evolving rapidly. More and more people want to stay healthy and highly capable, not just grow older. In this field, two distinct approaches have emerged: deep, physician-led… Longevity Fundamentals ### Preventive Healthcare Budget: Planning Your Longevity You budget for rent, transportation, groceries, and perhaps even your next vacation. But do you have a dedicated preventive healthcare budget? For most people, the answer is no. Health is often… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Fatty Liver Blood Tests & Imaging: How to Detect It Early You might know the feeling: a slight pressure under your right ribs, afternoon fatigue, and the lingering thought that your diet and exercise habits could have been better in recent years. Fatty… ## Hallmarks of Aging The twelve biological processes research associates with ageing. Mechanism, evidence and limits of each — a framework, not a diagnostic tool. Pages & Guides ### The hallmarks of aging at a glance Where the model comes from, what it delivers and where it reaches its limits. ### Genomic instability DNA is damaged thousands of times a day. Whatever repair misses remains as a mutation. ### Telomere attrition Chromosome ends shorten with every division. Longer is not automatically better. ### Epigenetic alterations It is not the DNA text that changes but which passages get read. This is the basis of the best-validated ageing clocks. ### Loss of proteostasis Proteins must be folded exactly right to work. The quality control for this declines with age. ### Disabled macroautophagy Cells break down their own components and reuse them. This recycling loses capacity with age. ### Nutrient sensing The pathways that distinguish abundance from scarcity are the best-studied control point in ageing research. ### Mitochondrial dysfunction The cell’s power plants lose efficiency. The familiar explanation via free radicals turned out to be wrong. ### Cellular senescence Cells stop dividing permanently but do not die. From this in-between state they reshape their surroundings. ### Stem cell exhaustion Tissue reserves for renewal shrink and slow down. The cells themselves are not always the problem. ### Intercellular communication Ageing is not only a process inside single cells. The signals between them shift systematically. ### Chronic inflammation A low-grade constant signal without infection. The most measurable and most over-interpreted hallmark. ### Dysbiosis Gut flora shifts with age. What counts as a healthy microbiome cannot yet be defined. From the Blog Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Mitochondrial Dysfunction Testing: What You Can Measure in 2026 The term "mitochondrial dysfunction" is everywhere. In scientific literature, it is considered a central mechanism of aging. In the longevity scene, it is frequently cited as the explanation for… Longevity Fundamentals ### 'Young Forever' & Hallmarks of Aging: Your Longevity Check-Up Dr. Mark Hyman's bestseller *Young Foreverhas brought the topic of longevity out of the niche and into the mainstream. The central thesis is compellingly simple: aging is not an inevitable fate, but… Longevity Fundamentals ### Bryan Johnson's Biomarkers: The Science and Limits of Biological Age Bryan Johnson spends around two million dollars a year on Project Blueprint and reports cutting his biological age by more than five years. The tools he uses, whole-body MRI, blood panels and epigenetic clocks, are real diagnostics, but epigenetic age estimates still carry wide error margins and are not validated clinical endpoints. And an N=1 protocol cannot show which of hundreds of simultaneous interventions did the work. ## Cancer Screening & Early Detection Modern cancer prevention methods from imaging to multi-cancer screening and liquid biopsy. Pages & Guides ### Cancer Screening & Early Detection Multi-modal: biomarkers, MRI, liquid biopsy. ### MRI Prevention Berlin Full-body MRI as preventive screening. ### Full-Body MRI High-resolution 3T MRI without radiation. ### Liquid Biopsy (MCED) Multi-cancer early detection via blood test. From the Blog Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Genome Sequencing Germany: Providers, Costs & Differences | YEARS Genome sequencing in Germany has made the leap from the research lab into clinical practice. It is becoming a reality for patients with rare diseases, in modern oncology, and increasingly in… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Health Check-Up with Full-Body MRI & Blood Test: 2026 Guide A preventative comprehensive health check-up with full-body MRI and deep blood analysis combines structural imaging with biochemical functional analysis. It goes far beyond what your general… Comparisons & Alternatives ### Full Body MRI vs CT Scan: Radiation, Accuracy & Costs You want a complete picture of your health. To be checked from head to toe. The idea is understandable, and eventually, almost everyone asks themselves: MRI or CT? Especially when considering a… Cancer Screening & Early Detection ### Alcohol and Cancer Risk: How Much is Safe? | YEARS A glass of wine with dinner, a beer with friends. For many, alcohol is such a normal part of daily life that the risks fade into the background. Drinking two large beers in an evening means… Cancer Screening & Early Detection ### Galleri Test Alternatives: Multi-Cancer Blood Tests | YEARS A single blood test to detect over 50 types of cancer, years before symptoms appear—that is the promise of the Galleri test. While the name frequently appears in the media, the test remains far from… ## Nutrition & Lifestyle Evidence-based nutrition, exercise, sleep and mental health as the foundation of long healthy years. Pages & Guides ### Nutrition Counseling Berlin Individual nutrition plan based on your biomarkers. ### Microbiome Analysis Germany Interpreted within a check-up, not as a standalone test. ### Microbiome Analysis Berlin Measure and optimize gut health. From the Blog Longevity Fundamentals ### Preventive Healthcare Budget: Planning Your Longevity You budget for rent, transportation, groceries, and perhaps even your next vacation. But do you have a dedicated preventive healthcare budget? For most people, the answer is no. Health is often… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Fatty Liver Blood Tests & Imaging: How to Detect It Early You might know the feeling: a slight pressure under your right ribs, afternoon fatigue, and the lingering thought that your diet and exercise habits could have been better in recent years. Fatty… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### Longevity Biomarkers for Performance & Recovery You train regularly, watch your diet, and prioritize sleep. You feel good. But do you really know how capable your body is? How well it recovers? And what foundation you are laying today for a long… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### VO2 Max Testing & Performance Diagnostics for Longevity The idea of sports medicine performance diagnostics is often associated with images of professional athletes pushing their limits on treadmills while wearing breathing masks. This image isn't wrong… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### What Does a Longevity Check-Up Actually Measure? You feel healthy. Your last doctor's visit was a year or two ago, and everything was normal. You are in your mid-40s, professionally engaged, and occasionally find time for sports. So why consider a… ## Biomarkers & Lab Values The key biomarkers and what they reveal about your biological age, cardiovascular and metabolic health. Pages & Guides ### Biomarker Glossary 245 laboratory values explained (German). ### Blood Values & Biomarkers in a Check-up The complete panel register, every marker listed. ### Detecting Hashimoto's Early TSH, antibodies, ultrasound and monitoring, with our co-founder's own case. ### VO2max Test Berlin Spiroergometry instead of a wearable estimate. ### Biological Age What is behind the number and what it does not say. ### Epigenetic Age Berlin Epigenetic clocks and what they can tell you. From the Blog Comparisons & Alternatives ### YEARS vs The Longevity Practice Berlin | Clinic Comparison YEARS bundles complete diagnostics into one day and, in Evolve® and Ultimate®, guides you through the whole year afterwards: with an annual plan, medical check-ins and coaching. The Longevity Practice focuses on modular diagnostics, hormone therapy and guidance in regular practice appointments. Longevity Fundamentals ### How Not to Age Book: Key Biomarkers to Measure You have read How Not to Ageby Dr. Michael Greger and are now wondering how to actually measure your personal status quo. Greger’s core message is clear: aging is not an inescapable fate, but a… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### Measuring Stress Biomarkers: Cortisol, HRV & IL-6 | YEARS You feel stressed. This is not purely a psychological experience, but a biological reality that leaves measurable traces in your body. The subjective feeling of stress can be deceptive: you get used… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### VO2 Max Testing & Blood Diagnostics Clinics in Germany | YEARS You might have a solid VO₂ max score—perhaps estimated by your smartwatch—but your performance has plateaued. Or maybe you don't feel as fit as you should, despite regular training. The root cause… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### Insulin Resistance Test: HOMA-IR, OGTT & Blood Markers You often feel fatigued after lunch, gain abdominal fat despite exercising, or experience unexplained sugar cravings. These symptoms might be more than just everyday stress. They could be early… ## Genetics & Genomics Panel, array, exome, genome: which methods exist, which findings carry a consequence, and what German genetic diagnostics law requires. Pages & Guides ### Genetic Analysis The overview: four methods, three evidence tiers, one legal framework. ### Genetic Health Check Why a genetic finding says little without measured values. ### Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) 30-fold coverage, four additional classes of finding, clear limits. ### WGS vs. WES Genome or exome — feature comparison plus four case examples. ### Genetic Risk Factors BRCA, Lynch, LDLR, CYP2C19: what follows from a finding. ### Genetic Analysis Germany 170+ risk genes, physician-ordered with counselling. ### Medical Genetics Berlin Whole exome and whole genome sequencing in Berlin. From the Blog Longevity Fundamentals ### Lifespan: Why We Age: What You Can Measure Today | YEARS The book Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To triggered a wave of interest that reaches far beyond the niche of longevity research. The author, David Sinclair, is a professor of genetics… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Genome Sequencing Germany: Providers, Costs & Differences | YEARS Genome sequencing in Germany has made the leap from the research lab into clinical practice. It is becoming a reality for patients with rare diseases, in modern oncology, and increasingly in… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### Lp(a) Lipoprotein(a): The Genetic Heart Risk Factor Nobody Tests For Imagine a risk factor for heart attacks and strokes that is more potent than high cholesterol. It is elevated in one out of every four Europeans. It is almost entirely determined by your genes, and… Longevity Fundamentals ### Bryan Johnson's Biomarkers: The Science and Limits of Biological Age Bryan Johnson spends around two million dollars a year on Project Blueprint and reports cutting his biological age by more than five years. The tools he uses, whole-body MRI, blood panels and epigenetic clocks, are real diagnostics, but epigenetic age estimates still carry wide error margins and are not validated clinical endpoints. And an N=1 protocol cannot show which of hundreds of simultaneous interventions did the work. ## Comparisons & Alternatives How do longevity providers compare? Transparent overview of programs, prices and scope. Pages & Guides ### Longevity Clinics Germany Provider overview: Neko, Eterno, Circle and more. ### Neko Health Alternatives Neko Health has no German location. What is available here instead. ### Fountain Life Alternatives Fountain Life operates only US locations. Three European models compared. ### Whole-Body MRI Providers Compared Four provider types and eight questions to ask. From the Blog Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Mitochondrial Dysfunction Testing: What You Can Measure in 2026 The term "mitochondrial dysfunction" is everywhere. In scientific literature, it is considered a central mechanism of aging. In the longevity scene, it is frequently cited as the explanation for… Comparisons & Alternatives ### YEARS vs. Ayun Clinic: Longevity Clinic Comparison The market for longevity medicine is growing. More people are looking for ways to proactively manage their health and secure their quality of life into old age. When searching for a comprehensive… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### Understanding Thyroid Levels: TSH, fT3 & fT4 Explained Do you often feel tired, experience unexplained weight changes, or struggle with inner restlessness? Thyroid dysfunction is widespread but often goes undetected for a long time because the symptoms… Comparisons & Alternatives ### Circle Health Alternative Berlin: What to Do Next | YEARS If you are reading this, you have likely heard about the closure of Circle Health in Berlin. Perhaps you were a client there for years, had just scheduled a follow-up appointment, or relied on the… Comparisons & Alternatives ### Avia Clinic Alternative Berlin: What to Do After Closure The closure of the Avia Clinic in Berlin (officially AIVA Institut) caught many people off guard who had been doing their annual check-ups there for years. If you are among the former patients, you… ## Research & Evidence Current studies and scientific foundations behind preventive medicine and longevity. Pages & Guides ### Evidence & Scientific Standards Every procedure assigned to one of three evidence tiers, with purpose and limits. ### Incidental Findings How common they are, with confidence intervals, and what happens after an abnormal finding. ### What Prevention Can Prevent The same ladder, applied to disease areas rather than procedures. ### Heart Disease and Early Detection The area where the chain closes all the way to the endpoint. ### Prediabetes: What to Do Now What demonstrably helps after the finding, with two randomised trials. ### Dementia and Lifestyle Reducing risk yes, preventing no — and where exactly the evidence stops. ### Research & Development How YEARS bridges research and clinical practice. From the Blog ### Blue Zones Evidence: Separating Longevity Science from Myth The images are iconic: centenarians in Okinawa harvesting sweet potatoes with a smile. Shepherds in Sardinia ending their day with a glass of red wine. Hovering above it all is a simple, enticing… Longevity Fundamentals ### Lifespan: Why We Age: What You Can Measure Today | YEARS The book Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To triggered a wave of interest that reaches far beyond the niche of longevity research. The author, David Sinclair, is a professor of genetics… Biomarkers & Lab Values ### How Chronic Stress Affects the Body: The Science | YEARS You know the feeling: there are never enough hours in the day, the to-do list keeps growing, and the pressure never truly subsides. What evolved as a short-term survival mechanism has become a… Check-ups & Diagnostics ### Genome Sequencing Germany: Providers, Costs & Differences | YEARS Genome sequencing in Germany has made the leap from the research lab into clinical practice. It is becoming a reality for patients with rare diseases, in modern oncology, and increasingly in… Longevity Fundamentals ### Precision Geromedicine: The New Approach to Vitality | YEARS The prefix "gero" often carries a stigma. It evokes associations with geriatrics, frailty, and inevitable decline. However, in modern medical research, this concept is undergoing a fundamental… ## Still have questions? The fastest path to clarity about your health starts with a conversation. Read the FAQ →